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What is an IUD?
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, plastic device that is inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy. How does the IUD work? The ways an IUD can prevent pregnancy are not fully understood. The most recent studies suggest that IUDs work by preventing fertilization. Are there different kinds of IUDs? There are two types of IUDs available in the United States: one contains copper and the other contains a hormone called progesterone. Both are shaped like the letter T and are 1 1/4" inches tall. Each IUD has a thread or tail on the end, which allows the woman to check that the IUD is in place; it also makes it easier for the doctor to remove the IUD. The copper IUD has copper sleeves on the arms and copper wire coiled around the stem. The copper IUD can be left in place, and is effective, for up to eight years. The progesterone device has a hollow stem that contains the natural hormone progesterone,which is continuously released into the uterus and acts locally, so there are no hormonal effects throughout the body. This IUD must be replaced once a year. How effective are IUDs? IUDs have been found to be highly effective. For every 100 women using the copper IUD, fewer than 1 per year will get pregnant. With the progesterone T, failure rates are approximately 3% per year. Are there side effects? With the copper IUD, the most common side effects are increased menstrual flow and cramps, which can be relieved by the use of an over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen. These side effects lessen after the first few months as the uterus adapts to the presence of the IUD. Bleeding may also occur between menstrual periods with the progesterone IUD, although total blood loss and dysmenorrhea (painful periods) are reduced. Are IUDs safe? IUDs are a safe and effective method of birth control when used appropriately. The insertion process may be linked with infection of the uterus or fallopian tubes in some women at risk for infection. Who should use IUDs? A woman should consult with her health care provider to determine if an IUD is an appropriate form of birth control for her. The IUD is best for a woman who is in a long-term, mutual monogamous relationship with a partner who does not have any sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This is important because, unlike many other contraceptives, the IUD does not protect against STDs. STDs can increase a woman's risk of becoming infertile. If you are using an IUD and believe you may be at risk of getting an STD, use a latex condom to help protect yourself. What are the benefits of IUDs? IUDs are safe, effective, easy to use, and less expensive than most other forms of contraception. There is no need to remember to use the method every day or with every act of sex.
COMMON MYTHS ABOUT THE IUD
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